2nd Annual Summer Conference of the International Greek Popular Music Research Collective
International Greek Popular Music Research Collective
Municipality of Pogoni
Cultural & Educational Association of Delvinaki
Delvinaki (Ioannina, Greece), July 11-14, 2024
Abstract
The paper discusses the methodological issues that arise in surveys of the musical profession. As part of a project implemented by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation, within the framework of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan "Greece 2.0" and funded by the European Union - NextGenerationEU, a survey investigating social cohesion and labour precarity in the cultural and creative industries, including musicians, has been designed and is currently underway (for more details on the project, see https://creativelabour.gr/).
In particular, the issues discussed pertain to surveys on musical labour that employ quantitative methods. The pursuit of standardization, as implied by the collection of quantitative data, is accompanied by the production of observable and measurable indicators, which are necessary for the operationalization of complex concepts in empirical research. In this pursuit, however, the heterogeneity and wide variation in the conditions and working relationships of musicians present a number of challenges. The aim of this paper is to discuss some of these challenges.
1974-2024. Society and Sociology in Greece Fifty Years after the Restoration of Democracy
9th Conference of the Hellenic Sociological Society
Hellenic Sociological Society (HSS)
Department of Sociology at the National and Kapodistrian University of Athens
National Centre of Social Research
Athens, October 30 – November 1, 2024
Watch the session (in Greek)
Abstract
The paper discusses the problems of studying labour in the cultural and creative sectors. As part of a project implemented by the Hellenic Foundation for Research and Innovation, within the framework of the National Recovery and Resilience Plan "Greece 2.0" and funded by the European Union - NextGenerationEU, a survey investigating social cohesion and labour precarity in the cultural and creative industries, including musicians, has been designed and is currently underway (for more details on the project, see https://creativelabour.gr/).
In particular, the issues discussed concern surveys of artistic and creative labor using quantitative methods. The heterogeneity and diversity of working conditions and labour relations in these sectors pose a number of challenges in the attempt to achieve the standardization that quantitative data collection implies, but also in the attempt to operationalize the fundamental constructs for empirical research by producing observable and measurable indicators. The paper discusses the difficulties and challenges involved in this endeavor.
The paper summarizes the factors that have some influence on the identity crisis often expressed by those working in these sectors. Emphasis is placed on analyzing the dimensions of social cohesion, highlighting in particular the issues related to the dimension of professional and occupational identity.
Psychology of Music, 50(2), 596–610 [2022]
DOI: 10.1177/03057356211005850
Abstract
Ample evidence suggests that people prefer types of music that allow them to portray an image to others, yet less is known about the process through which listeners’ characteristics influence musical preferences. This study, therefore, examined the association between values and musical preferences, and whether the uses of music mediate, at least in part, this association, in a sample of 364 participants.
Multiple regressions revealed that values contribute differentially to the prediction of musical preferences. We also found that the cognitive use of music partially mediates the association between openness to change values and preferences for music emphasizing both complexity and rebelliousness. Moreover, the association between conservation values, as well as self-transcendence values, and a preference for music emphasizing positive emotions, is partially mediated by the emotional use of music.
These findings underscore the importance of accounting for specific uses of music when examining how musical preferences express the values of its listeners.
6th Conference on Cultural and Creative Industries
Regional Development Institute, Panteion University
School of Spatial Planning and Development, Aristotle University
School of Journalism & Mass Communications, Aristotle University
Social Cooperative Enterprise "MOSAIC // Culture & Creativity"
Patras, December 6-7, 2024
Abstract
In the context of the ELIDEK 16313 project (see https://creativelabour.gr/), a comprehensive research initiative has been developed, comprising in-depth interviews and a survey on social cohesion and precarious work in the cultural and creative industries (CCIs). This research is currently underway. The survey is designed to collect quantitative data for the two theoretical constructs, with the aim of investigating the relationship between them within these sectors and in a country where research on artistic and creative labor is relatively limited. This paper addresses issues pertaining to job precariousness. It delineates the process of generating observable indicators for its measurement and elucidates the methodological challenges that arise in analyzing this construct and operationalizing it for empirical research purposes.
The paper considers theoretical analyses and empirical research on labour precarity, which span a considerable time range (see, for example but not limited to: Allan et al., 2021, 2024; Blustein et al., 2020, 2023; Duffy et al., 2017; Kalleberg, 2018; Padrosa, Belvis, et al., 2021; Padrosa, Bolíbar, et al., 2021; Politi et al., 2022; Rick, 2024; Rodgers, 1989). It identifies the dimensions of the construct and addresses the particular indicators associated with artistic and creative labour. The analysis is grounded in the dimensions of the concept, as delineated in the late 1980s by Rodgers (1989). This conceptualization encompasses four key areas:
- the time horizon of the employment relationship,
- the extent of individual and social control over working conditions,
- the level of individual and social protection for employees, and
- the level of income.
Subsequent researchers, including Kalleberg (2018), Lorey (2015), and more recently Allan and colleagues (2021, 2024), have built upon this initial approach, introducing a greater degree of diversification in the dimensions of the concept. For instance, these include physical and psychological safety conditions in the workplace (see Allan et al., 2021) and the highlighting of the multidimensional importance of job precariousness as a social phenomenon (see, for example, Daovisan et al., 2023; Lorey, 2015).
Some analyses have indicated that the phenomenon of precarious work, along with the corresponding theoretical analyses and political elaborations, is related to the socially and historically determined perception of post-war “Western” societies of the so-called standard employment relationship – SER (cf. Kalleberg, 2018). The latter is defined as a regular and durable salaried employment relationship accompanied by a series of social benefits and employee protection regulations. However, research indicates that this type of employment relationship has never been dominant, as for significant segments of the working population, the employment status differs considerably from that of the SER (Kalleberg, 2018). The largest part of artistic and creative labour is indeed included in this category. Consequently, defining precariousness in these sectors is challenging, and reliable and valid indicators for measuring it are difficult to produce. The discussion in this paper addresses these problems, with a focus on the specific features of labour in the CCIs.
References
Allan, B. A., Autin, K. L., & Wilkins-Yel, K. G. (2021). Precarious work in the 21st century: A psychological perspective. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 126, 103491. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103491
Allan, B. A., Kim, T., & Pham, J. (2024). Disentangling underemployment and precarious work: A latent profile analysis. Journal of Career Assessment, 32(3), 560–577. https://doi.org/10.1177/10690727231212187
Blustein, D. L., Allan, B. A., Davila, A., Smith, C. M., Gordon, M., Wu, X., Milo, L., & Whitson, N. (2023). Profiles of decent work and precarious work: Exploring macro-level predictors and mental health outcomes. Journal of Career Assessment, 31(3), 423–441. https://doi.org/10.1177/10690727221119473
Blustein, D. L., Perera, H. N., Diamonti, A. J., Gutowski, E., Meerkins, T., Davila, A., Erby, W., & Konowitz, L. (2020). The uncertain state of work in the U.S.: Profiles of decent work and precarious work. Journal of Vocational Behavior, 122, 103481. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jvb.2020.103481
Daovisan, H., Phukrongpet, P., Wannachot, W., Rattanasuteerakul, K., Mamom, J., & Khamnu, N. (2023). “Why do they leave or why do they stay?” The effect of precarious employment, division of work, inter-role conflict and deviant behavior on affective job disruption. Employee Responsibilities and Rights Journal, 35(4), 455–474. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10672-022-09418-1
Duffy, R. D., Allan, B. A., England, J. W., Blustein, D. L., Autin, K. L., Douglass, R. P., Ferreira, J., & Santos, E. J. R. (2017). The development and initial validation of the Decent Work Scale. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 64(2), 206–221. https://doi.org/10.1037/cou0000191
Kalleberg, A. L. (2018). Precarious lives: Job insecurity and well-being in rich democracies. Polity Press.
Lorey, I. (2015). State of insecurity: Government of the precarious. Verso.
Padrosa, E., Belvis, F., Benach, J., & Julià, M. (2021). Measuring precarious employment in the European Working Conditions Survey: Psychometric properties and construct validity in Spain. Quality & Quantity, 55(2), 543–562. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11135-020-01017-2
Padrosa, E., Bolíbar, M., Julià, M., & Benach, J. (2021). Comparing precarious employment across countries: Measurement invariance of the Employment Precariousness Scale for Europe (EPRES-E). Social Indicators Research, 154(3), 893–915. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-020-02539-w
Politi, E., Piccitto, G., Cini, L., Béal, A., & Staerklé, C. (2022). Mobilizing precarious workers in Italy: Two pathways of collective action intentions. Social Movement Studies, 21(5), 608–624. https://doi.org/10.1080/14742837.2021.1940919
Rick, J. (2024). Acutely precarious? Detecting objective precarity in journalism. Digital Journalism, Published online, 1–20. https://doi.org/10.1080/21670811.2023.2294995
Rodgers, G. (1989). Precarious work in Western Europe: The state of the debate. In G. Rodgers & J. Rodgers (Eds.), Precarious jobs in labour market regulation: The growth of atypical employment in Western Europe (pp. 1–16). ILO (International Institute of Labour Studies), Free University of Brussels.
Empirical Studies of the Arts, 40(1), 37–56 [2022]
DOI: 10.1177/0276237420979569
Abstract
Given the ubiquity of art in almost all human societies, why is it that participation in the arts is so diverse? To address this question, the present study examined demographic and motivational variables as predictors of arts attendance in a sample of 480 participants, and whether any significant differences appear among attendees at different venues. The ordinal logistic regression identified income, entertainment, and art interest as predictors of arts attendance, with income leading to greater attendance at several art forms.
Subsequent analyses also unveiled significant differences in demographic and behavioral characteristics among concert hall attendees, museum visitors, cinema-goers, and theater audiences. Taken together, these findings illustrate that audience behavior is selective and incited by conscious awareness of a person’s unique needs. From an applied perspective, adequate knowledge of human functioning will enable arts managers to attract new audiences, without neglecting their responsibility towards art, culture, and education.